{"id":1127,"date":"2016-11-20T01:09:48","date_gmt":"2016-11-20T00:09:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/?page_id=1127"},"modified":"2016-11-26T21:38:36","modified_gmt":"2016-11-26T20:38:36","slug":"lexique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/fr\/shakuhachi\/lexique\/","title":{"rendered":"Lexique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_full-69c7629644e7bfc7b18df6277907a5b3\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_full-69c7629644e7bfc7b18df6277907a5b3{\nborder-width:2px;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:10px 10px 10px 10px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\nbackground:url(http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/texture_p_3_by_sirius_sdz.png) 0% 0% no-repeat scroll ;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_one_full-69c7629644e7bfc7b18df6277907a5b3 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_submenu  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-753477c6c3e2d8d4343d615742b099f4\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-753477c6c3e2d8d4343d615742b099f4{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ff601c;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-753477c6c3e2d8d4343d615742b099f4 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-753477c6c3e2d8d4343d615742b099f4 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ff601c;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-753477c6c3e2d8d4343d615742b099f4 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-753477c6c3e2d8d4343d615742b099f4 av-special-heading-h1 custom-color-heading blockquote classic-quote  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Lexique<\/h1><div class='av_custom_color av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>des termes japonais<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div class='clear'><\/div><div id='sub_menu1'  class='av-submenu-container av-av_submenu-b57d461ce19f80231afbc788d8557f9e main_color  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  av-sticky-submenu submenu-not-first container_wrap fullsize' style='z-index:301' ><div class='container av-menu-mobile-disabled av-submenu-pos-center'><ul id=\"menu-menu-le-shakuhachi\" class=\"av-subnav-menu\" role=\"menu\"><li role=\"menuitem\" id=\"menu-item-1246\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/fr\/shakuhachi\/shakuhachi-histoire\/\" itemprop=\"url\" tabindex=\"0\"><span class=\"avia-bullet\"><\/span><span class=\"avia-menu-text\">Histoire<\/span><span class=\"avia-menu-fx\"><span class=\"avia-arrow-wrap\"><span class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li role=\"menuitem\" id=\"menu-item-1247\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-2\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/fr\/shakuhachi\/jeu\/\" itemprop=\"url\" tabindex=\"0\"><span class=\"avia-bullet\"><\/span><span class=\"avia-menu-text\">Jeu<\/span><span class=\"avia-menu-fx\"><span class=\"avia-arrow-wrap\"><span class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class='sticky_placeholder'><\/div><div id='after_submenu_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-1127'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'><\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_full-6126cab7d8fab8d08143dd2dacdf673c\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_full-6126cab7d8fab8d08143dd2dacdf673c{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_one_full-6126cab7d8fab8d08143dd2dacdf673c av_one_full  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_submenu  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-0366cc7376be6c9e82a3e9cc8987b64f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Ce lexique, tronqu\u00e9 et traduit est directement tir\u00e9 de celui plus exhaustif du site de l&rsquo;<a href=\"http:\/\/shakuhachisociety.eu\/resources\/glossary\/\" target=\"_blank\">ESS<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-bad5bc90bcef2f12297bff634a297b07 hr-short  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  hr-center'><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-0366cc7376be6c9e82a3e9cc8987b64f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em><strong>Atari (\u5f53\u308a)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 \u00ab\u00a0attaque\u00a0\u00bb permettant d&rsquo;articuler les m\u00e9lodies (\u00ab\u00a0<em>yubi atari<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb attaque de doigt, \u00ab\u00a0<em>iki atari<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb attaque du souffle&#8230;)<br \/>\n<em><strong>Biwa (\u7435\u7436)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Luth japonais antique \u00e0 4 ou 5 cordes jou\u00e9 avec un large plectre<br \/>\n<em><strong>Boroboro (\u30dc\u30ed\u30dc\u30ed)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Moines mendiants et asc\u00e8tes ant\u00e9rieurs aux moines Komus\u014d et jouant le Shakuhachi. Ils sont mentionn\u00e9s dans le livre\u00a0Tsurezuregusa vers 1300.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Dai shihan (\u5927\u5e2b\u7bc4)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 titre de grand maitre (ou grand professeur).<br \/>\n<em><strong>Danmono\u00a0 (\u6bb5\u7269)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Pi\u00e8ce du r\u00e9pertoire Sankyoku divis\u00e9e en \u00ab\u00a0Dan\u00a0\u00bb (mouvements ou sections) et sans partie vocale.<br \/>\n<em><strong>D\u014dkyoku (\u7ae5\u66f2)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Chansons pour enfants (<em><strong>Dokyoku<\/strong> <\/em>est aussi le nom donn\u00e9 aux pi\u00e8ces de <em>honkyoku<\/em> compos\u00e9es par Watasumi Doso)<br \/>\n<em><strong>Fuke-sh\u016b (\u666e\u5316\u5b97)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 La secte Fuke issue du bouddhisme Zen Rinzai \u00e0 laquelle appartenaient les moines Komus\u014d<br \/>\n<em><strong>Gagaku (\u96c5\u697d) <\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Musique de cour imp\u00e9riale (import\u00e9e de Chine via la Cor\u00e9e au 77me si\u00e8cle).<br \/>\n<em><strong>Gaikyoku (\u5916\u66f2)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Lit. pi\u00e8ces ext\u00e9rieures. Toutes les autres pi\u00e8ces qui ne faisaient pas partie du r\u00e9pertoire Honkyoku des moines. Cela comprend le Sankyoku, Min&rsquo;y\u014d et Shinkyoku mais d\u00e9signe plus couramment le Sankyoku.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Hitoyogiri (\u4e00\u7bc0\u5207)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Flute Shakuhachi antique faite dans un seul entre n\u0153ud consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme le lien entre le Shakuhachi Gagaku et le Fuke. Assez r\u00e9pendu du 14\u00e8me au 18\u00e8me si\u00e8cle; tr\u00e8s peu aujourd&rsquo;hui.<br \/>\n<em><strong>H\u014dgaku (\u90a6\u697d)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Terme invent\u00e9 au d\u00e9but du 20\u00e8me si\u00e8cle pour d\u00e9signer toutes les musiques traditionnelles japonaises par opposition aux musiques occidentales.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Honkyoku (\u672c\u66f2) <\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Le r\u00e9pertoire traditionnel des moines Komus\u014d de la secte Fuke.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Hotchiku (\u6cd5\u7af9)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Type de Shakuhachi invent\u00e9 par Watazumi D\u014dso R\u014dshi.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Ichion Jobutsu\u00a0 \u4e00\u97f3\u6210\u4ecf<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Atteindre l&rsquo;\u00e9veil avec un seul son.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Iemoto (\u5bb6\u5143)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 d\u00e9signe le leader d&rsquo;une \u00e9cole dans les arts japonais. Dans ce syst\u00e8me hi\u00e9rarchique, ce titre se transmet par le sang.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Ji (\u5730)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 A paste made of urushi, stone powder and water, which is used to build up the bore of the modern jinuri\/jiari shakuhachi.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Jimori shakuhachi (\u5730\u76db\u308a\u5c3a\u516b)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Shakuhachi where the tuning methods has been using ji in strategic places in the bore and not all over the bore as in jinuri shakuhachi. Jimori shakuhachi is also sometimes called spot-tuned shakuhachi.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Jinashi shakuhachi (\u5730\u306a\u3057\u5c3a\u516b)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Shakuhachi tuned without the use of ji, where only the natural bamboo remains. This was the traditional method of making shakuhachi during the Edo period.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Jiari shakuhachi (\u5730\u6709\u308a\u5c3a\u516b)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 See jinuri shakuhachi.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Jinuri shakuhachi (\u5730\u5857\u308a\u5c3a\u516b)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 A shakuhachi with a mid-joint where the bore is built up with ji. This method of tuning and instrument making became the mainstream after the Fuke sect was abolished.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Jiuta (\u5730\u6b4c)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Music originally composed for shamisen<br \/>\n<em><strong>Jiuta s\u014dkyoku (\u5730\u6b4c\u7b8f\u66f2)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Music composed for shamisen and koto<br \/>\n<em><strong>Jun shihan (\u6e96\u5e2b\u7bc4)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Often translated as teacher\u2019s license.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Kan (\u7532)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Upper register<br \/>\n<em><strong>Keiko (\u7a3d\u53e4)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Practice, study.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Kari (\u30ab\u30ea)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 One of the two main head positions in shakuhachi playing with raised chin. To be played on the open holed <em>ro tsu re chi ri<\/em> etc.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Koky\u016b (\u80e1\u5f13)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Three-string bowed spike fiddle. The only bowed fiddle in Japan.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Komi Buki (\u30b3\u30df\u5439\u304d)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Big breath. Vibrato created by diaphragm. Representative for the repertoire of the Nezasaha.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Komus\u014d (\u865a\u7121\u50e7)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Shakuhachi playing monks of the Fuke sect of Rinzai Zen. The komus\u014d monks were wandering mendicant monks playing the shakuhachi for alms.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Korokoro (\u30b3\u30ed\u30b3\u30ed)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Shakuhachi playing technique. A tremolo is created by alternatively opening and closing holes one and two.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Koto (\u7b8f)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Japanese 13-string zither.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Kyotaku (\u865a\u9438)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Lit., hollow bell or bell without substance (often translated as empty bell). Name for shakuhachi used in the historical document Kyotaku Denki Kokujikai from 1795. Today a group of players formerly led by Nishimura Kok\u016b (1915\u20132002) calls their instruments for kyotaku.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Kyotaku Denki Kokujikai <\/strong><\/em> \u2013 [The legend of the empty bell translated to Japanese] from 1795 written by Yamamoto Morihide (\u5c71\u672c\u5b88\u79c0). It is claimed to be an annotation in Japanese of a 13th century Chinese book entitled Kyotaku Denki (\u865a\u9438\u4f1d\u8a18). Nakatsuka Chikusen (1887\u20131944) was the first person to question its authenticity. The legend remains, however, the single most important work in the literature defining the identity of many shakuhachi honkyoku players.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Ma (\u9593)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Lit., in between, space or interval. In musical terms it describes the silence between sound events. This is often described as vacuum plenum, and is an important part of Japanese musical aesthetics.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Madake (\u771f\u7af9)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 A common type of bamboo in Japan, from which the shakuhachi is made. Latin: phyllostachys bambusoides<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Meri (\u30e1\u30ea)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Blow by putting the chin down, to lower the tone Shakuhachi playing technique describing the head positioning. In meri, the head is lowered and the lips are closer to the mouthpiece (utaguchi). This technique produces a sound, which has less volume and is considered having a \u2018darker\u2019 character.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Min\u2019y\u014d (\u6c11\u8b21)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Folk song. The shakuhachi is widely used as accompaniment to min\u2019y\u014d.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Muraiki (\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30ad\u3000\u6591\u606f)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Lit., uneven breath. Shakuhachi playing technique producing a characteristic breathy sound.<br \/>\n<em><strong>My\u014danji (\u660e\u6697\u5bfa)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 My\u014dan temple, established within the compound of the T\u014dfukuji temple in Kyoto. My\u014danji was founded by Kyochiku Zenji and was throughout the Edo period a prominent and influential centre of shakuhachi musicianship especially in the Kansai region. My\u014danji remained the centre for the Fuke style shakuhachi playing in which spirituality continued to have great importance in shakuhachi playing.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Nakatsugi (\u4e2d\u7d99\u304e)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 The attachable mid-joint on jinuri shakuhachi.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Nayashi (\u30ca\u30e4\u30b7)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 To begin pitch meri and rise to standard pitch Shakuhachi playing technique. A short bend in the beginning of a note, middle of a note most frequently produced by head movements. This can vary depending on the school.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Nobekan (\u5ef6\u3079\u7ba1)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Shakuhachi made in one piece rather than in two attachable pieces, as is the norm today. There is thus no mid-joint.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Otsu (\u4e59)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 the low register on the shakuhachi<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Ry\u016b (\u6d41)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Refers to an artistic lineage and its accompanying style in an art form. In the case of shakuhachi, kinko ry\u016b is the Kinko style of shakuhachi playing.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Sankyoku (\u4e09\u66f2)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 lit. three pieces. Chamber music of Japan from the Edo period. The instrumentation is: koto (13-stringed zither), shamisen (three-stringed long-necked lute) and shakuhachi. The shakuhachi replaced the koky\u00fb around the turn of the 20th century.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Shaku (\u5c3a)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Japanese measurement. 1 shaku = 30.30 cm<br \/>\n<em><strong>Shakuhachi Sanbonkai (\u5c3a\u516b\u4e09\u672c\u4f1a)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Three Shakuhachi Group. A shakuhachi group founded in 1964 across different ry\u016bha by top players, Aoki Reibo II (b. 1935), Yamamoto H\u014dzan (b. 1937) and Yokoyama Katsuya (b. 1934).<br \/>\n<em><strong>Shamisen (\u4e09\u5473\u7dda)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Japanese three-stringed long-necked lute.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Shihan (\u5e2b\u7bc4)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Often translated as a master licence.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Shinkyoku (\u65b0\u66f2)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 New pieces. This refers to 20th century pieces, thus neither honkyoku nor sankyoku.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Sh\u014d (\u7b19)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 A Japanese mouth organ. Part of the gagaku ensemble.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Suizen (\u5439\u7985)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Lit: Blowing Zen. The act of playing the shakuhachi as an act of meditation. Although widely used, this word is, according to Tsukitani Tsuneko (conversation, 2007), a post-Edo period creation.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Sun (\u5bf8)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Japanese measurement. 1\/10th of a shaku = 3.03 cm<br \/>\n<em><strong>Suri (\u30b9\u30ea)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Slide. Shakuhachi playing technique. A passing note with a short portamento to an intermediate pitch.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Suriage (\u30b9\u30ea\u4e0a)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 A slide upwards<br \/>\n<em><strong>Suri sage (\u30b9\u30ea\u4e0b)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 A slide downwards<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Takane (\u9ad8\u97f3)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Section of a honkyoku piece usually played in the upper octave, often containing the climax of the piece.<br \/>\n<em><strong>Tamane (\u7389\u97f3)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Flutter tongue technique<br \/>\n<em><strong>Tegoto (\u624b\u4e8b)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Musical Interlude<br \/>\n<em><strong>Tegotomono (\u624b\u4e8b\u7269)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Musical form with Tegoto<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Utaguchi (\u6b4c\u53e3)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 The sharp blowing edge of the shakuhachi<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Yuri (\u30e6\u30ea)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Vibrato created by head movements<br \/>\n<em><strong>Tateyuri (\u7acb\u30e6\u30ea)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 vibrato created by\u00a0 vertical head movements<br \/>\n<em><strong>Yokoyuri (\u6a2a\u30e6\u30ea)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 vibrato created by\u00a0 horizontal head movements<br \/>\n<em><strong>Mawashiyuri (\u56de\u30e6\u30ea)<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 vibrato created by\u00a0 circular head movements<br \/>\n<em><strong>Tsukiyuri <\/strong><\/em>\u2013 vibrato created by\u00a0 moving the shakuhachi towards the chin<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":47,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1127","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1127"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1258,"href":"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1127\/revisions\/1258"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/47"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.chikudo-bamboo-flutes.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}